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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Oracle数据库11g使用exp命令导出DMP文件不完整
              
            
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        <p>在使用Oracle数据库时，发现导出的DMP文件，数据库结构不完整。缺少多个表。</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>由于工作原因，使用了Oracle数据库，在用exp命令导出一个用户下的所有对象后，再做imp导入，发现表少了很多。在网上查了一下资料，发现是因为11g版本的新特性，当表中无数据时，不分配segment(段:数据库对象使用的空间)，以节省空间。在使用exp命令导出时，没有segment的表不会被导出。</p>
<h2 id="解决方法"><a href="#解决方法" class="headerlink" title="解决方法"></a>解决方法</h2><p>从网上找到的资料来看，有三种解决方式。</p>
<ol>
<li>使用insert语句插入一行数据，再使用rollback或delete，清掉数据。此时就已经分配了segment，即可正常导出。</li>
<li>使用expdp和impdp命令，在Oracle Database 10g及以后的版本中，都包含了这两个工具。（这个方法略有些麻烦。就不展开说明了）</li>
<li><p>使用alter语句对现有空表进行segment的分配</p>
<ul>
<li>第一句是查询当前用户下所有的空表表名。</li>
<li>第二句是将查询出来的表名组成一条alter语句。</li>
<li><p>将组合出来的语句，依次执行即可导出空表。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>可以使用数据库工具将组合出来的语句的结果保存为<code>.sql</code>之类的可以编辑的文件，然后使用编辑器，批量替换或删除多余语句。复制到SQL语句窗口或数据库命令行窗口执行即可。语句例如：<code>alter table users allocate extent;</code></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">SELECT table_name FROM USER_TABLES WHERE NUM_ROWS=0;</span><br><span class="line">SELECT &apos;alter table &apos;||table_name||&apos; allocate extent;&apos; FROM USER_TABLES WHERE NUM_ROWS=0;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>禁用Oracle Database 11g的空表不分配segment的功能，执行以下语句：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>该功能禁用后，仅对禁用之后新建的表，或导入的表有用。</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ALTER system SET deferred_segment_creation = false;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查看当前状态</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">show parameter deferred_segment_creation</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h2><ul>
<li>Oracle 11G R2 用exp无法导出空表解决方法及expdp和impdp的用法 <a href="http://wenku.baidu.com/view/7beb56f57c1cfad6195fa702.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://wenku.baidu.com/view/7beb56f57c1cfad6195fa702.html</a></li>
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